Our Specialities

Epilepsy & Seizure Disorders

Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterised by a tendency to experience recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Seizure disorders can affect people of different ages and may vary in their presentation, frequency and severity. With appropriate medical evaluation and treatment, many individuals with epilepsy can manage their condition and maintain a good quality of life.

Symptoms of Epilepsy & Seizures

Symptoms depend on the type of seizure and the area of the brain involved. Common signs may include temporary loss of awareness, staring episodes, uncontrolled jerking movements, muscle stiffening, unusual sensations, sudden confusion, and loss of consciousness. Some individuals may experience warning sensations before a seizure, while others may feel tired, confused or disoriented afterwards.

Causes and Risk Factors

Epilepsy may develop due to various factors, including genetic influences, previous brain injuries, stroke, brain infections, structural abnormalities or certain developmental conditions. In many cases, the exact cause cannot be identified. Seizures can also occur due to temporary medical problems, such as low blood sugar or electrolyte disturbances, and these do not necessarily mean that a person has epilepsy.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Diagnosis involves reviewing the patient's medical history, understanding the seizure episodes and conducting a neurological examination. Depending on the clinical findings, investigations may include an electroencephalogram (EEG), brain MRI, blood tests or other diagnostic assessments to help identify possible causes and determine the appropriate care plan.

Treatment and Management

Treatment depends on the seizure type, underlying cause, age and overall health of the patient. It may include prescribed anti-seizure medications, regular neurological follow-ups and guidance on sleep, medication adherence and potential triggers. Patients should never stop or change prescribed medication without medical advice. Selected patients whose seizures remain uncontrolled may require specialist assessment for additional treatment options.

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek emergency medical assistance if a seizure lasts five minutes or longer, repeated seizures occur without recovery, breathing becomes difficult or a serious injury occurs. Someone experiencing a first seizure should receive prompt medical evaluation. During a seizure, protect the person from nearby hazards, cushion their head and turn them onto their side when possible. Do not restrain their movements or put anything inside their mouth.